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11/17/12

Permalink 09:30:13 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 129 words   English (US)
Categories: Econ/Stat

Dr. Thomas Jordan points out in his speech that the long-term restructuring of public finances remains unsatisfactory in many countries and that it would be disastrous for the long-term future of the global economy if the time slot opened up by monetary policy would not be used by politics.

Monetary policy in the financial crisis – Measures, effects, risks, by Thomas Jordan, Chairman of the Governing Board, Swiss National Bank, Nov. 16, 2012

Keywords: Role of Central Banks, Monetary Policy

Related:

The evolution of the role of the Fed during various financial crises, a new St. Louis Fed working paper:

Carlson, Mark A. and Wheelock, David C., The Lender of Last Resort: Lessons from the Fed's First 100 Years (November 7, 2012). FRB of St. Louis Working Paper No. 2012-056A. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2173391

10/26/12

Permalink 06:46:55 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 60 words   English (US)
Categories: Stock Market, Econ/Stat

Find here a presentation by a professor of the University of St. Gall about causes and consequences (as related to institutional investing) of financial repression:

Institutionelle Anlagen unter veränderter finanzieller Repression und danach, Prof. Dr. Rico von Wyss, Swiss Pensions Conference, Rüschlikon, 28. 09. 2012

Keywords: Institutional Assets, Financial Repression, Real Interest Rates

Related:

Handelsblatt: Welche Länder ihre Sparer am stärksten schröpfen, August 13, 2012

09/17/12

Permalink 06:51:23 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 197 words   English (US)
Categories: Real Estate, Econ/Stat

Christian Hott, Terhi Jokipii, Housing Bubbles and Interest Rates, Swiss National Bank, July 2012

Abstract:

"In this paper we assess whether persistently too low interest rates can cause housing bubbles. For a sample of 14 OECD countries, we calculate the deviations of house prices from their (theoretically implied) fundamental value and define them as bubbles. We then estimate the impact that a deviation of short term interest rates from the Taylor-implied interest rates have on house price bubbles. We additionally assess whether interest rates that have remained low for a longer period of time have a greater impact on house price overvaluation. Our results indicate that there is a strong link between low interest rates and housing bubbles. This impact is especially strong when interest rates are “too low for too long”. We argue that, by ensuring that rates do not deviate too far from Taylorimplied rates, central banks could lean against house price fluctuations without considering house price developments directly. If this is not possible, e.g. because a single monetary policy is confronted with a very heterogenous economic development within the currency area, alternative counter cyclical measures have to be considered." Source: SNB

Keywords: Interest Rates, Housing Bubble

07/27/12

Permalink 07:06:32 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 137 words   English (US)
Categories: Econ/Stat, Resources

Swiss newspaper NZZ has a graph which shows the value generation of the industrial sector as percentage of total GDP of various countries. The graph is based on numbers generated by Swiss think tank Avenir Suisse. The graph shows that Switzerland is a highly industrialized country. This might be surprising for some as the country has high labor costs. People who know the Swiss industry might be less surprised. The Swiss industrial sector is highly specialized and impressively productive. This is mainly due to high innovation. Innovation that has its roots in a dual education system: world class academic technical institutions such as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Zurich and Lausanne) and a highly structured apprentice system for technical professions.

NZZ: Der Mythos der Deindustrialisierung ("The myth of de-industrialization"), July 27, 2012

Keywords: Innovation, Education, Industrialization, Swiss Economy

06/09/12

01/14/12

Permalink 08:50:57 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 30 words   English (US)
Categories: Econ/Stat, Various

01/08/12

Permalink 11:41:05 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 339 words   English (US)
Categories: Various

BIS has interesting contributions to aspects of central bank governance. Of utmost importance are Yoshiharu Oritani's reflections on public governance of central banks. He applies Oliver Williamson's (one of Berkeley's Nobel Prize Winners) theory of “governance as integrity” (probity) to the internal management of central banks:

Yoshiharu Oritani, Public governance of central banks: an approach from new institutional economics, BIS Working Papers, March 2010

Here is an excerpt (page 13) about administrative controls and procedures of central banks:

"c) Extensive administrative controls and procedures"

"The “extensive administrative controls and procedures” pointed out by Williamson can be applied to a central bank almost in their entirety. When the various administrative controls described by Williamson are applied to a central bank, it is notable that insider trading regulations must be strictly adhered to by bank executives and staff. Such strict compliance is necessary since central bank transactions are implemented through financial transactions with private financial institutions and decisions on monetary control directly influence interest rates and various financial assets, all of which provide rent-extraction opportunities. The exceptionally high standards required of central bankers mean that the press and politicians will often criticize senior officials for actions that even hint of a conflict of interest.
A trade-off is also seen between the “clearly defined hierarchical authority” that Williamson considers a governance attribute of foreign affairs transactions and the necessity of innovation in central bank transactions. Excessively rigid hierarchical authority may carry the risk of slowing innovation in central bank transactions. But if central bank officials become too flexible or act in an ad hoc way, authority and responsibility would become ill-defined and might invite probity hazard. From this perspective, the “abolition of divisions in the department”16 conducted by the Bank of Japan in 2004 raises probity hazard concerns."

If the Hildebrand case has one good outcome, it is the fact that governing bodies of the Swiss central bank are now under pressure to improve the internal governance of the bank. The public will be grateful for such developments.

Keywords: Central Bank Governance, Swiss Central Bank

12/30/11

Permalink 05:40:32 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 20 words   English (US)
Categories: Econ/Stat

Source: The Economist

click on picture to go to The Economist's charts of the year 2011.

Keywords: Global Economy, Economic Year 2011

12/28/11

Permalink 11:02:11 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 76 words   English (US)
Categories: Behavioral Finance

Banks are going through difficult times in the Western world. In particular also in Switzerland where the Swiss banking secret has been loosened. Policy makers are well advised to provide a pro banking framework. Banks contribute by far over-proportionally to GDP (as link to official Swiss statistics shows). 2012 should be the end point of "bank bashing"!

MarketObservation.com: Schweiz: Produktionsleistung nach Branchen ---> Prosperität der drei Pfeiler Pharma, Handel, Banken/Versicherungen ist entscheidend, Oct. 23, 2011

Keywords: Swiss Banking, Bank Regulation

11/20/11

Permalink 09:01:26 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 377 words   English (US)
Categories: Various

"EVP, SP und Grüne haben eine Eidgenössische Volksinitiative zur Neuordnung der Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuer auf eidgenössischer Ebene (BV 129a) lanciert: Die Initiative verlangt die Verlagerung der Steuerhohheit für die Erhebung der Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuer von der Kantons- auf die Bundesebene.

Ziel ist eine nationale Schenkungs- und Erbschaftssteuer zugunsten der AHV: Die Steuereinnahmen sollen zu 2/3 zur Refinanzierung der AHV (Ergänzung von BV112) und zu 1/3 zur Entschädigung der Kantone verwendet werden.

Mit Hilfe einer allgemeinen Freigrenze von 2 Mio. CHF sollen Erbschaften aus der Mittelschicht wie Einfamilienhäuser geschont werden – eine zusätzliche Freigrenze sowie ein reduzierter Steuersatz sollen Familienbetriebe und KMU entlasten, Bauernhöfe sollen ganz steuerbefreit bleiben. Die Initianten betonen, dass die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Schweiz erhalten bleibe, da der Steuersatz von 20% im internationalen Vergleich tief sei."
Law-News

Eckpunkte der Initiative:

Initiative zur Erbschaftssteuerreform und ihre Eckdaten:

  • Steuerhoheit: Bund (kantonale Erlasse sollen aufgehoben werden)
  • Steuersubjekte: Nachlass natürlicher Personen mit letztem Wohnsitz in der Schweiz oder Erbgangseröffnung in der Schweiz und Schenkgeber
  • Steuerobjekt: gesamter Nachlass
  • Steuersatz: 20 Prozent
  • Steuerbefreit: Ehegatten und registrierte Partner sowie steuerbefreite juristische Personen
  • Freibeträge: CHF 2 Mio. und Gelegenheitsgeschenke von CHF 20’000 pro Jahr und beschenkte Person
  • Steuererleichterungen (bei Bewertung und Steuersatz): Unternehmensnachfolge / Landwirtschaftsbetriebe
  • Steueroptimierte Erbschaftslösung ab 1.1.2012 nicht mehr möglich
  • Für weiterführende Informationen wird die Seite "Law-News" empfohlen:

    Law-News: Eidg-Volksinitiative-Erbschaftssteuerreform

    Nicht-juristischer Kommentar MarketObservation:

    Die Initiative ist sehr unausgewogen und mutet wie eine "Neiderinitiative" an. Sie betrifft nicht nur Superreiche sondern Mittelstandsfamilien, welche es sich zum Ziel gemacht haben, über Generationen hinweg Reserven aufzubauen. Familien in denen das vorsichtige Wirtschaften (z.B. protestantische Arbeitsethik) bereits den Kindern vermittelt wird. Es wird oft unterschätzt, wieviel Vermögen bei bescheidenem Lebensstil auch bei mittelgrossen Einkommen über Zeit aufgebaut werden kann. Wurde dann in einem sich entwickelnden Gebiet auch noch eine Liegenschaft gekauft, wird die 2 Mio. Grenze oft überschritten. Nicht nur bei "Bonzen", sondern auch bei fleissigen, bescheiden lebenden Mittelständlern. Oft soll das durch harte Arbeit aufgebaute Vermögen den Kindern zur weiteren Bewirtschaftung weitergeben werden. Wiederum als Reserve und Stärkung der Familie. Genau solche Leute (verantwortungsvolle Mittelständler) haben die Schweiz stark gemacht.

    Übrigens würde die Umsetzung der Initiative Anreize schaffen, Familienimmobilien zu verkaufen. Profitieren würden u.a. Superreiche aus dem In- und Ausland und Banken. Vor allem in Fällen wo die Liquidität für die Bezahlung der Erbschaftssteuer nicht vorhanden wäre. Solche Fälle gäbe es viele.

    Keywords: Erbschaftsteuerreform

    11/07/11

    Permalink 05:57:57 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com, 9 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat

    Keywords: Swiss Economy, Swiss Franc, Swiss National Bank, Euro

    Permalink 07:00:59 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 55 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat

    The Swiss franc is still substantially away from purchasing power parity with the Euro, which is approx at EUR/Swiss Franc 1.35 to 1.40. The Swiss National Bank announced that it would be ready for further measures to weaken the Swiss franc:

    Reuters: SNB's Hildebrand says ready for more measures: paper, nov. 6, 2011

    Keywords: Swiss Franc, Swiss Franc Bubble

    10/23/11

    Permalink 11:26:46 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 141 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat

    Beim sonntäglichen Zeitungslesen tut es ab und zu gut, die verschiedenen Aussagen von Journalisten und Politikern zu kalibrieren und auf der Homepage des Schweizerischen Bundesamtes für Statistik die verschiedenen Excel Dateien zu den Wirtschaftsdaten runterzuladen. Besonders interessant ist die Produktionsleistung nach Branchen (siehe Anhang zu diesem Post). Es wird einem klar, wie stark die Schweiz auf die drei wertschöpfungsstarken Pfeiler Pharma/Chemie, Handel und Finanzindustrie (Kreditwesen, Vermögensverwaltung, Versicherungen) aufgebaut ist. In der Summe spielen viele andere Branchen auch eine wichtige Rolle. Hier geht es nicht zuletzt um unsere vielen KMU Betriebe. Hätten Sie auch gewusst, dass der Anteil der "öffentlichen Verwaltung/öff. Sozialversicherung" mehr als 10% der gesamten Produktionsleistung ausmacht? Das muss finanziert werden! Die Schweiz kann es sich nicht leisten, einen der oben erwähnten drei Pfeiler durch unbedachtes politisches Handeln massgeblich zu schädigen.

    Keywords: Schweiz, Produktionsleistung der Schweiz nach Sektoren, Pharma/Chemie, Finanzen, Handel

    Attachments:

    10/14/11

    Permalink 10:03:16 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 99 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat

    Bank Sarasin's currency analyst Ursina Kubli expects that the Swiss franc will move towards Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) with the Euro. Expects EUR/Swiss franc at 1.30 next year. Thinks that a "speculator attack" would be irrational and that various speculators got a "bloody nose" when the Swiss National Bank pegged the Swiss franc to the Euro. (Knowing many investors we just can confirm).

    Cash: Börsentalk: "Spekulanten-Attacke wäre irrational", Oct. 14, 2011

    Related:

    MarketObservation: Confidence that Europeans will tackle economic problems more decisively; Swiss franc could slowly adjust to PPP with the Euro, Oct. 9, 2011

    Keywords: Currencies, Swiss franc, Investor Losses in Swiss franc

    10/13/11

    Permalink 10:50:42 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 51 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat, Various

    A German study, supported by Deutsche Telecom, the German Industrial Association, Fraunhofer Institute, United Nations University and ZEW concludes that Switzerland is the world's most innovative country. Major reasons identified are:

    - Economic Freedom
    - Political Freedom (strong Democracy)
    - Commitment to Education

    Source: innovationsindikator.de

    Keywords: Innovation, Innovation Index, Economic Freedom, Political Freedom, Education

    10/10/11

    Permalink 08:45:13 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com, 14 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat

    Handelsblatt: „Europa droht zum Krisengebiet zu werden“, Okt. 7, 2011

    Keywords: Europe, European Crisis, Eurozone Crisis

    10/01/11

    Permalink 08:34:51 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 106 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat, Various

    Switzerland will elect its parliament this October. A major subject of the election campaigns of the various parties is the Swiss economy. Some politicians currently talk of tremendously difficult times ahead for the economy. Even though many companies are still growing and a recession has not been forecasted by major economic institutes yet. For most people (even for economics professors...) it is almost impossible to judge which receipes could be good for the economy. Consequently, economic matters are difficult to understand which could be a fruitful basis for "politics of fear":

    Politicians can use fear to manipulate the public

    "The Science of Fear"

    Keywords: Elections, Manipulation

    09/25/11

    Permalink 09:49:16 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 37 words   English (US)
    Categories: Econ/Stat

    If coordinated action is ahead in the Eurozone we definitely think YES!

    Europe: Something big around the corner?, Sept. 25, 2011

    We continue to follow events and their consequences (as we do since Dec. 2006)

    Keywords: Euro, Dollar, Swiss Franc

    09/19/11

    Permalink 04:17:22 pm, by editor of MarketObservation.com, 17 words   English (US)
    Categories: Stock Market, Corporate Finance

    Thanks to Batz for the tip:

    Batz: Investment Banking: Denk- und Lesepause? Sept. 18, 2011

    Keywords: Investment Banking, TBTF

    09/18/11

    Permalink 09:26:39 am, by editor of MarketObservation.com Email , 666 words   English (US)
    Categories: Stock Market, Corporate Finance

    After the latest rogue trader scandal in the London branch of UBS it seems to be clear that national bank regulation is not efficient enough to appropriately control foreign investment banking activities of Swiss banking conglomerates. It is extremely disturbing that the Swiss taxpayer in extreme cases has to bail out a bank which is not fully under control, particularly in foreign investment banking centers. It is now time not to think only about capital requirements but also about banking models. Maybe a look to Canada, whose banking system was not dramatically affected during the financial crisis, could be of some help:

    Bordo, Michael D., Redish, Angela and Rockoff, Hugh T., Why Didn’t Canada Have a Banking Crisis in 2008 (or in 1930, or 1907, or ...)? (August 2011). NBER Working Paper Series, Vol. w17312, pp. -, 2011. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1918642

    Abstract:

    "The financial crisis of 2008 engulfed the banking system of the United States and many large European countries. Canada was a notable exception. In this paper we argue that the structure of financial systems is path dependent. The relative stability of the Canadian banks in the recent crisis compared to the United States in our view reflected the original institutional foundations laid in place in the early 19th century in the two countries. The Canadian concentrated banking system that had evolved by the end of the twentieth century had absorbed the key sources of systemic risk - the mortgage market and investment banking - and was tightly regulated by one overarching regulator. In contrast the relatively weak, fragmented, and crisis prone U.S. banking system that had evolved since the early nineteenth century, led to the rise of securities markets, investment banks and money market mutual funds (the shadow banking system) combined with multiple competing regulatory authorities. The consequence was that the systemic risk that led to the crisis of 2008 was not contained."

    Keywords: Banking System, Bank Structures, Capital Requirements for Banks, Regulation

    Related:

    Als auf MarketObservation Registrierter danke ich dem Verfasser obigen Beitrages, dass ich hier einige Bemerkungen und Fragen anbringen darf. Der Hinweis auf das kanadische Bankensystem ist interessant. Meines Wissens besteht in Kanada kein Trennbankensystem. Ebenso ist keiner der kanadischen Finanzplätze in der Grösse mit dem Schweizerischen vergleichbar. Offenbar schaffen es kanadische Banken (zumindest bis heute), die Investmentbanking Aktivitäten unter einem Dach mit dem Private Banking und dem Commercial Banking zu managen. Hierzu bedarf es einer marktgerechten Regulierung (= liberales Anliegen, da der Steuerzahler möglichst geschützt werden muss), einer ausgezeichneten Corporate Governance und wohl auch eines bescheideneren Anspruchs in Bezug auf die Grösse. Das Investmentbanking soll dem Kunden dienen und nicht einigen Bankern innerhalb einer Bank. In diesem Sinne fand ich den Post auf dieser Webseite vom 28. April 2008 ziemlich aufschlussreich:

    Marketobservation.com: Forderung nach einer differenzierten Betrachtung des Investment Bankings, April 26, 2008

    Wir befanden uns damals auf dem Höhepunkt der Finanzkrise. Nach dem UBS Rogue Trader Skandal kommt die Debatte über die Abspaltung des Investmentbankings wieder auf den Tisch. Hierzu einige Fragen/Bemerkungen eines Nicht-Banken Experten, jedoch beobachtenden und mitdenkenden Staatsbürgers:

    - Könnte eine Abspaltung nicht dazu führen, dass etwas Ähnliches entstehen würde, wie das damalige "Shadow Banking" System in den USA?
    - Spargelder brauchen Rendite. Braucht es hierzu nicht auch Investmentbanking Know how?
    - Gäbe es nicht die Möglichkeit, über markterechte Vorschriften die destruktiven Kräfte innerhalb einer Bank weitestgehend zu elimieren? Welche Kräfte verhindern allenfalls eine solche Regulierung?
    - Höhere Eigenkapitalanforderungen für systemrelevante Banken sind ein Muss. Sie genügen jedoch nicht, wenn sich immer noch gewaltige destruktive Kräfte innerhalb einer Bank entwickeln können.
    - Ist es nicht an der Zeit, über entsprechende Boni Systeme Leute an eine Bank zu binden, welche neben eigenem beruflichen Fortkommen immer auch die Anliegen und Interessen des Kunden im Vordergrund haben. Solche gibt es übrigens innerhalb der Schweizer Grossbanken bereits Viele. Sie sollten auch das entsprechende Gewicht erhalten.

    ...also something to consider for the re-organization of banking conglomerates - the human factor and the nature of men... great remarks by Michael C. Jensen... groundbreaking insights:

    MarketObservation: The nature of man by Jensen and Meckling, still a key work to understand human behavior within organizations, May 22, 2011

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